OK, just to totally confuse you, there are actually three certifications: DOT, Snell and EC (European). Here's a brief rundown on the differences.
Snell: Is a private foundation, and a Snell helmet is the only one you can use on a track day. These must be full face. Snell does not certify a flip front, period. Snell also developed from motorsports, both automotive and the two-wheeled variety. Snell also has a "double impact" requirement that requires a "harder" type of foam energy absorber than the others. Receiving two impacts at the same location is far more likely to occur to someone who is strapped into a roll cage than bouncing off a motorcycle. That's why there are some who feel the Snell foam is "harder" than necessary or ideally desirable.
EC: This is the European standard. They do certify flip up helmets. I'm not positive, but I strongly suspect that that includes some type of standard for the latching mechanism. The impact absorbing foam is midway between the DOT and Snell standards.
DOT: Anything less is sold as a "novelty helmet". DOT will certify pudding bowls and beanies -- which use air as a protective material in many critical places. However, testing has shown that for the areas actually protected by a particular DOT helmet, the "softer" foam may well be an advantage in minimizing injury. There is not, to my knowledge, any standard for latches on the flip-up style.
My opinion: Full-face. Go for fit, ventilation and comfort. The best helmet is the one you actually wear, so if you find a full-face that you like, it's your best choice. DOT, EC or Snell don't appear to be critical in this category, unless you want to do a track day.
That said, I use a flip-up around town. It's just easier to use with glasses. For flip-up, go EC standard.
If you absolutely, positively go bat-shot claustrophobic in a full-face, well, then you're looking at a 3/4. Stay away from shorties, beanies and other "make-believe".