Jerry Eichenberger
Serious Thumper
   
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2006 S40. OEM windshield, saddle bags, Sportster
Posts: 2919
Columbus, Ohio
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Mick -
Physicals are required for some operations and not others. Here is the basic rule:
1. Airline captains, every 6 months with an EKG every year after age 40.
2. Other commercial pilots, like corporate pilots, airline co-pilots, once every year, no EKG required.
3. Private pilots every two years, unless under age 40, then every 5 years.
4. Sport pilots require only a valid driver's license, no other physical required.
6. For gliders and balloons, no physical of any kind required; pilot self certifies.
The physical for private pilots is the easiest, for airline captains the toughest, and for other commercial pilots it's in between in difficulty.
For a typical private pilot physical, as long as your heart is normal, your urinalysis shows no sugar or albumin, hearing is normal, and eyesight is correctible to 20/30; you pass.
The physicals have to be administered by FAA approved doctors who are called Aviation Medical Examiners. Any doc can be approved by taking a course in the basics of aviation medicine that the FAA puts on in Oklahoma City that lasts for 4 weeks.
So, the docs who go thru that training generally do it out of the love of flying. Taking 4 weeks off work, plus hotel and meals for 4 weeks ain't cheap, and the physical generally costs the pilot about $150 at most AME offices, plus the EKG if required. Most all AMEs are pilots themselves, although the FAA doesn't require them to be.
Of course, the main thing they look for is any heart issue that could result in sudden incapacitation. A pilot can get re-certified after a heart attack, by-pass surgery, or stents, but he/she has a lot of testing to do every year. The only thing that is an absolute no-no is mental illness - develop that and the pilot is finished. Mild depression doesn't disqualify for life, but the pilot must wait 5 years after getting off all medications and cleared by his treating doctor. Any more serious mental issue like attempted suicide or psychosis disqualifies for life.
The FAA has gotten a lot more realistic in the past 10 years. Now an insulin dependent diabetic can get certified as a private pilot, but not commercial. He has to test his blood sugar every hour while in flight and if it reaches a certain level, he must land at the nearest airport and dis-continue that flight, and be grounded until he stabilizes again.
You can get waivers for things such as being one-eyed by passing a little flight test to show the FAA that you have the depth perception needed to make a normal appraoch and landing.
People who are color blind can fly, but not at night, because at night the colors of the position lights on the plane indicate which way it is going, and runway and taxiway lights are color coded, and control towers use colored lights, like traffic lights, in the event that the airplane has a radio failure and can't talk to the tower.
Hope that basically answers your question.
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