Pine wrote on 10/15/13 at 13:10:10:OK that cool as heck. Not what I normally think of as "Italy"... wiki says Croatia, but then looks like that area has been owned by so many over the centuries.
Wikipedia is an online encyclopaedia written by amateurs, for amateurs. I wouldn't study medicine on wiki pages...

Istria became croatian only in 1946.
In the year 1000 it was under the Duke of Carinthia (which today is Austria, but then it was Carinthia, period)
In the year 1420 it was conquered by Venice, and the Lord Gravisi (my ancestor) was made Feudal Lord over the Township of "Pinguente" (=opulent) and its "12 village" with flourmill and bridge".
12 adjacent villages, ALL with stone bridges over the brooks and 12 flourmills? Cross the brook with your laden cart without spilling and getting your feet wet ? In the Middle Ages ?
Do you understand why the Township was called "Opulent"?
Here's what Italy looked like in 1441; Republic of Venice in light red. Hope you are convinced.

Pinguente remained under the Gravisi literally until Napoleon, then my family (mother's side) lost it all when Napoleon came to be, he attacked Venice from inland, from the west...
...Venice being then THE naval superpower in the Mediterranean, excellent marines but insufficient land forces to counter Napoleons Armies.
The rest is modern history.
By comparison, here's what America looked like in those days